Advances in blood–brain barrier-crossing nanomedicine for anti-glioma

Abstract Glioma is the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) highest deadly central nervous system (CNS) affecting a significant number patients each year, with median overall survival approximately 14.6 months after diagnosis. Despite intensive treatment, nearly all GBM experience recurrence, 5-year rate about 5%. The protective BBB high tumor heterogeneity prevent effective delivery drugs, resulting in treatment failure various drugs. emergence nanometer-scale diagnosis methods has provided new promising approaches to overcome these difficulties. Thus, our review focuses on development BBB-crossing nanomedicine-enhanced chemotherapy combined therapy applications for glioma. Meanwhile, we also reviewed strategies blood–brain barrier. Additionally, discuss recent achievements area nanomedicine rational design approach, which will offer recommendations anti-GBM development.